European Energy Consumption

With Tidy Tuesday 2020-08-04, I use a dataset of European energy sources to explore the similarity of country energy sources by source and size.

load packages

if (!require("pacman")) install.packages("pacman")

## Loading required package: pacman

pacman::p_load(tidytuesdayR, factoextra, ggdendro, dendextend, tidyverse, patchwork)

load and wrangle data

tuesdata <- tidytuesdayR::tt_load(2020, week = 32)

## --- Compiling #TidyTuesday Information for 2020-08-04 ----

## --- There are 2 files available ---

## --- Starting Download ---

## 
##  Downloading file 1 of 2: `energy_types.csv`
##  Downloading file 2 of 2: `country_totals.csv`

## --- Download complete ---

totals <- tuesdata$energy_types %>% 
  filter(country != "EL",
         !is.na(country_name),
         level != "Level 2") %>% 
  select(country_name, type, `2016`) %>% 
  pivot_wider(id_cols = country_name, names_from = type, values_from = `2016`) %>%
  rowwise() %>% 
  mutate(total = rowSums(across(`Conventional thermal`:Other)),
         across(`Conventional thermal`:Other, ~ . / total)) 

props <- totals %>% 
  select(-total) %>%
  column_to_rownames("country_name") %>% 
  as.matrix() %>% 
  scale()

totals <- totals %>% 
  select(name = country_name, total)

Perform hierarchical clustering

hc1 <- hclust(dist(props), method = "ward.D2" )
sub_grp <- cutree(hc1, k = 5)

Render plot A:

plota <- hc1 %>% 
  as.dendrogram %>% 
  set("branches_k_color", 
      value = c("#43aa8b", "#577590","#f3722c","#f94144","#90be6d"), 
      k = 5) %>% 
  set("labels_col", 
      value = c("#43aa8b", "#577590","#f3722c","#f94144","#90be6d"), 
      k = 5) %>% 
  set("labels_cex", 0.5) %>% 
  set("branches_lwd", 0.5) %>% 
  as.ggdend() %>% 
  ggplot(horiz = TRUE) +
  theme(axis.text.y = element_text(size=1)) +
  theme_minimal(base_family = "Roboto Condensed", base_size = 14) +
  theme(axis.text = element_blank(),
        axis.title = element_blank(),
        panel.grid = element_blank(),
        panel.border = element_blank(),
        legend.position = "none")

plota

Render plot B:

clusters <- fviz_cluster(list(data = props, cluster = sub_grp), repel = TRUE, 
                         outlier.color = "black", ggtheme = theme_minimal())

plotb <- clusters$data %>% 
  left_join(totals) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x, y, color = cluster)) +
  geom_point(aes(size = total), alpha = 0.5) +
  ggrepel::geom_text_repel(aes(label = name), size = 2) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#f94144", "#f3722c", "#90be6d", "#577590", "#43aa8b")) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(axis.text = element_blank(),
        axis.title = element_blank(),
        panel.grid = element_blank(),
        panel.border = element_blank(),
        legend.position = "none")

## Joining, by = "name"

plotb

Combine plots A & B with patchwork:

plota + plotb + plot_annotation(
  title = 'How similar are European countries in energy usage and source?',
  subtitle = '2016 European energy usage clustered by source concentration',
  caption = 'Data: Eurostat Energy \n Design and Analysis by @KelseyGonzalez') +
  theme_minimal(base_family = "Roboto Condensed", base_size = 14) +
  theme(axis.text = element_blank(),
        axis.title = element_blank(),
        panel.grid = element_blank(),
        panel.border = element_blank(),
        legend.position = "none")

# save plot
ggsave("2020-08-04.png")

## Saving 7 x 5 in image